The thermal stability and corrosion behavior of the nanostructured layer on commercially pure zirconium, produced by surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT), were investigated. It is indicated that the nanograined Zr is stable at annealing temperatures up to 650 °C, above which significant grain growth occurs and the grain size shows parabolic relationship with annealing time. The activation energy for grain growth of the nanograined Zr is 59 kJ/mol at 750–850 °C, and the grain growth is dominated by grain-boundary diffusion. The as-SMATed nanograined Zr exhibits higher corrosion resistance than the 550–750 °C annealed SMATed Zr and the unSMATed coarse-grained Zr. It is indicated that the corrosion resistance of Zr tends to increase with the reduction of grain size, which is related to the dilution of segregated impurities at grain boundaries due to grain refinement and the formation of passive protection film.
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